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PORTRAITS 



OF THE 



PRESIDENTS 



United States of America 



WASHINGTON 




TO 



*S?> Of WASLY**^ 

CLEVELAND. 

WITH BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. 
1893. 



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Copyright J893 

BY 

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GEORGE WASHINGTON, 

•7THE first president of the United States, was born in 
Westmoreland comity, Virginia, February 22, 1732. 
Served as lieutenant-colonel and colonel in the Virginia 
militia under General Braddock in 1755, and upon his 
death was appointed commander of the Virginia forces, 
being at that time, only twenty-three years of age. At 
the close of the campaign in 1758, he returned home, 
and in 1774- was elected a member of the Continental 
congress, and June 19, 1775, was appointed commander- 
in-chief of the army of the United Colonies, serving as 
such until Great Britain acknowledged the independence 
of the United States in March, 1783. Inaugurated 
president at New York cit\', then the seat of govern- 
ment, April 30,1789. Elected for a second term in 1792. 
Died at Alt. Vernon, Virginia, December 14-, 1799. 



JOHN ADAMS, 

'^'HE second president of the United States, was born 
at Ouincy, Massachusetts, October 30, 1735. Grad- 
uated from Harvard college in 1755, studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1758. Elected a delegate to 
the general congress convened at Philadelphia in 1774. 
Delegate to the Continental congress from 1775 to 1777. 
Appointed commissioner to France in November, 1777. 
Minister to the court of Great Britain in 1785. Elected 
vice president in 1788, and re-elected in 1792. Inaugu- 
rated president March 4, 1797. Died at Quincy, July 4, 
1826. 




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THOMAS JEFFERSON, 

'7THE third president of the United States, was born at 
Monticello, Albermarle count3', Virginia, April 2, 
1743. Was educated at William and Mary college, 
and began the practice of law in 1767. Member of the 
Continental congress in 1775. Author of the Declara- 
tion of Independence. Governor of Virginia in 1779. 
Member of congress in 1783. Minister to France in 
1784. Secretary of state under Washington in 1789. 
Elected vice president in 1796. Inaugurated president 
March 4, 1801, and again March 4, 1805, having been 
elected for a second term. Died at Monticello, July 4, 
1826. 




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JAMES MADISON, 

/ ^"HE fourth president of the United States, was born 
at Montpelier, Kings county, Virginia, March 16, 
1751. Graduated from Princeton college, New Jersey in 
1771. Was elected a delegate to the Virginia conven- 
tion in 1776, and to the Continental congress in 1779. 
Member of the Virginia legislature in 1784. Member of 
congress in 1789. Was appointed secretary of state un- 
der President Jefferson in 1S01. Inaugurated president 
March 4, 1S09, and again March 4, 1813, for a second 
term. Died at Montpelier June 21, 1836. 



JAJIES MONROE, 

'^T'HE fifth president of the United States, was born in 
Westmoreland county, Virginia, April 28, 1759. 
Leaving college, at the age of eighteen years he enlisted 
in the army under Washington, and participated in 
several battles, being wounded at Trenton. Was pro- 
moted to a captaiiKW, and retired from the service in 
1781. In 1782 he was elected a member of the Virginia 
legislature. Member of congress in 1783. United 
States senator in 1790. Minister to France in 1791. 
Secretary of state under President Madison in 1811. 
Inaugurated president March 5, 1817, and for a second 
term, March 1, 1821. Died at New York city, July 4, 
1831. 



JOH1V QUINCY ADAJfS, 

^yHE sixth president of the United States, was born 
at Ouincy, Massachusetts, July 11, 1767. Until he 
was eighteen years of age, much of his life was passed 
in France, England and Holland, with his father, who 
held important offices under the government of the 
United States. Attended school at Paris and Amster- 
dam. Returned to Ameiica in 17S5, entered college and 
graduated in 1787. Minister to the Netherlands in 1791, 
Berlin in 1796. Elected to the state senate of Massa- 
chusetts in 1802, and to the United States senate in 
1803. Appointed minister to Russia in 1809. Inaug- 
urated president March 1, 1S25. Died at Washington, 
D. C, while making a speech in congress, February 23, 
1848. 



ANDREW JACKSON, 

^"HE seventh president of the United States, was bom 
at Waxaw, South Carolina, March 15, 1767. 
When fourteen years of age he enlisted in the army, and 
was taken prisoner by the British during an attack on 
his native town. Was released by exchange, and re- 
turned home, where he studied law, and was admitted 
to the bar in 1786. Removed to Tennessee in 1788, and 
was elected to congress in 1796, and United States 
senator in 1797. Resigning soon after, he was ap- 
pointed major-general of the state militia, and on May 
22, 1814, a major-general in the regular army. Resigned 
in 1821, and was again elected United States senator in 
1822. Inaugurated president March 4,1829, and again 
March 4, 1833, having been elected for a second term. 
Died at ''The Hermitage," near Nashville, Tennessee, 
June 8, 1845. 



MARTIN VAN BIREN, 

'7THE eighth president of the United States, was born 
at Kinderhook, New York, December 5, 17S2. 
Studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1803, and 
appointed attorney general of the state of New York in 
1S15. Elected a member of the state senate in 1812, 
and United States senator in 1821. Governor of New 
York in 1828. Secretary of state tinder President Jack 
son in 1829. Minister to England 1831. Elected vice 
president in 1832. Inaugurated president March -1, 
1837. Died at Kinderhook, July 24, 1862. 



WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON, 

"^HE ninth president of the United States, was born 
at Berkley, Virginia, February 9, 1773. Was edu- 
cated at Hampden Sydney college. In 1792 was com- 
missioned as ensign in the first regiment of United States 
artillery, lieutenant in 1793, and captain in 1795. Re- 
signed in 1797. Delegate to congress in 1798, and 
governor of the territory of Indiana in 1 803. Appointed 
commander-in-chief of the army in 1812. Resigned 
April 25, 1814. Elected to congress in 1816. State 
senate of Ohio in 1819. United States senator in 1824, 
Inaugurated president March 4,1841. Died at Wash- 
ington, D. C. April 4, 1841. 



JOHN TYLER, 



•^'HE tenth president of the United States, was born 
in Charles City county, Virginia, March 29, 1790. 
When twenty-one years of age, he was elected a member 
of the state legislature, and was re-elected for five con- 
secutive terms. Governor of Virginia in 1825, and 
United States senator in 1S27. Elected vice president 
in 184-0, and upon the death of President Harrison, April 
-4, 1811, became president. Joining the Southern states 
in their attempt to secede from the Union in 1861, he 
was elected to the Confederate congress. Died at Rich- 
mond, Virginia, Januarv 18, 1862. 




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JAMES K. POLK, 

'fTHE eleventh president of the United States, was born 
in Mecklenburg county. North Carolina, November 
2, 1795. Graduated from the University of North Caro- 
lina in June, 1818. Studied law, and was admitted to 
the bar in 1820. Elected to the Tennessee legislature in 
1823, and served continuously until 1S39, when he was 
elected governor. Inaugurated president March 4-, 
184-5. Died at Nashville, Tennessee, June 15, 1849. 



ZACHARY TAYLOR, 

7THB twelfth president of the United States, was born 
in Orange county, Virginia, November 24. 1784. En- 
tered the United Scates array as lieutenant in 180S, was 
promoted to a captaincy, and resigned in 1812. Re-en- 
tered the arm}', and served as colonel during the Black 
Hawk War. In April, 1S3S, was appointed brigadier- 
general, and served during the war with Mexico. In- 
augurated president March 5, 1849. Died at Washing- 
ton, D. C, July 9, 1850. 



MILLARD FILLMORE, 

^HE thirteenth president of the United States, was 
born at Summer Hill, Cayuga count\ r , New York, 
January 17, 18G0. His early life was passed upon his 
father's farm, with few opportunities for education. At 
the age of nineteen years he began the study of law, 
and in 1S23 was admitted to the bar. Later, he was 
elected to the state legislature, and in 1837 to congress. 
In 1848 he was elected vice president, and upon the 
death of President Taylor, July 9, 1S50, became presi- 
dent. Died at Buffalo, New York, March 5, 1874. 



FRANKLIN PIERCE, 

7THB fourteenth president of the United States, was 
born at Hillsborough, New Hampshire, November 
23, 1804. Was educated at Bowdoin college, studied 
law at Hillsborough, and served four years in the state 
legislature. Elected to congress in 1S33, United States 
senate 1S37. Served as brigadier-general during the 
war with Mexico in 1848. Inaugurated president 
March 4, 1853. Died at Concord, Xew Hampshire, 
Octobers, 1869. 







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JAMES BUCHANAN, 

'^'HK fifteenth 'president of the United States, was born 
in Franklin county, Pennsylvania, April 23, 1791. 
Entered college at the age of fourteen years, admitted 
to the bar in 1812, and in 1814 enlisted for the defense 
of his country against the British. Served ten years in 
congress, and upon retiring therefrom, was appointed 
minister to Russia. Returning in 1S33, he was elected 
to the United States senate. In 1S15 he was appointed 
secretary of state under President Polk. .Minister to 
England in 1853. Inaugurated president March 4-, 1857. 
Died at Wheatland, near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 
Junel, 1868. 



ABRAHAM LINCOUV, 

^T*HE sixteenth president of the United States, was born 
in Hardin county, Kentucky, February 12, 1809. 
Of humble parentage, his boyhood was passed amid the 
hardships and privations incident to frontier life. In 
1819 his father removed with the family to Indiana, 
and in 1S30 to Illinois. The means of education at 
that time were very limited, his only opportunities being 
an occasional month of schooling, supplemented by 
reading, and the aid of private teachers. In 1836 he 
was elected a member of the Illinois state legislature, 
and member of congress in 1846. Inaugurated presi- 
dent March 4, 1861, and for a second term March 4. 
1865. Died at Washington, D. C, by the hand of the 
assassin John Wilkes Booth, April 14, 1865. 




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ANDREW JOHNSON, 

^'HE seventeenth president of the United States, was 
born at Raleigh, North Carolina, Decetnber29, 1808. 
At the age of ten years he was unable to read or write, 
but by diligent study and a strong determination to 
learn, he made rapid progress, and in a few years gradu- 
ated from Greenville college, Tennessee. Was elected 
alderman of Greenville in 1828. Mayor in 1830. State 
senator in 184-1. Member of congress in 184-3. Gov- 
ernorinl853 and 1855. United States senator in 1857. 
Elected vice president in 1861, and upon the death of 
President Lincoln, April 14-, 1S65, became president. 
Died at Carter's Station, Tennessee, Julv 31, 1875. 



ULYSSES S. GRANT, 

'TT'Yl'E eighteenth president of the United States, was 
born at Point Pheasant, Clermont comity, Ohio, 
April 27, 1S22. Appointed cadet at the United States 
military academy in July, 1839. Graduated July 1, 1843, 
and was assigned to the fourth infantry with the rank 
of brevet second lieutenant. Served under Generals Tay- 
lor and Scott, during the war with Mexico. Resigned 
July 31, 1S5-1, having attained the rank of captain. 
Appointed colonel of the twenty-first Illinois infantry 
June 27, 1861. Brigadier-general of Volunteers, to date 
May 17, 1861. Major-general of Volunteers, February 
16, 1S62. Major-general in the regular army July 4-, 
1863. Lieutenant-general, March 2, 1861. General 
July 25, 1S66. Inaugurated president, March 4, 1869, 
and again March 4, 1873, having been elected for a 
second term. Died at Mt. McGregor, New Vork, July 
23, 1885. 



RITHERFORD B. HAYES, 

/ ^'HE nineteenth president of the United States, was 
born in Delaware county, Ohio, October 4, 1822. 
Entered Kenyon college when sixteen } r ears of age, and 
graduated in 184-2. Studied law, and was admitted to 
the bar in 184-4. Appointed major of the twenty-third 
Ohio infantry in 1S61. Was wounded at the battle of 
Antietam, promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel, 
and colonel, and appointed brigadier-general "for gal- 
lant and meritorious services in the battles of Winches- 
ter, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek," and major-general, 
"for gallant services during the war." Served two 
terms in congress, and was elected governor of Ohio, in 
1867, 1869 and 1875. Inaugurated president March 4, 
1877. Died at Fremont, Ohio, January 17, 1S93. 



JAMES A. GARFIELD, 

/ ^'HK twentieth president of the United States, was 
borninCuyahogaconnty, Ohio, November 19, 1831. 
Entered Williams college in 1S54-, graduating in 1856. 
Was elected to the Ohio state senate in 1859. Studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar in 1861. The same 
year he enlisted in the forty-second Ohio infantry, and 
was subsequently appointed colonel, and brigadier-gen- 
eral in March, 1862. Served as chief of staff to General 
Rosecrans in 1863, and was made a major-general for 
gallant services at the battle of Chicamanga. Member 
of congress from 1S64 to 1S6S. Inaugurated president 
March 4, 1881. Shot by Charles J. Guiteau, at Wash- 
ington, Jul\ r 2, and died at Elberon, New 7 Terse} 7 , Septem- 
ber 19, 1881. 



CHESTER A. ARTHIR, 

^"HE twenty-first president of the United States, was 
born at Fairfield, Franklin county, Vermont, Octo- 
bers, 1830. Entered Union college in 1845, and graduated 
in 184-8. Studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 
1854. Appointed quartermaster general of the state of 
New York in April 1861, and inspector general in Feb- 
ruary, 1862. Elected vice president in 18S0, and upon 
the death of President Garfield, September 19, 1881, 
became president. Died at New York city November 18, 
18S6. 



GROYER CLEVELAND, 

-^"HE twenty-second president of the United States, 
was born at Caldwell, New Jersey, March 18, 
1837. Studied law at Buffalo, New York, was admit- 
ted to the bar, and in 1865 was appointed district 
attorney for Erie county. Elected sheriff in 1870 and 
later, mayor of the city of Buffalo. Governor of the 
state of New York in 1882. Elected president in Novem- 
ber, 1884, and inaugurated March 4-, 1885. 



BENJAMIN HARRISON, 

7THE twenty third president of the United States, was 
born at North Bend, Hamilton county, Ohio, Au- 
gust 20, 1833. Graduated from Miami university at Ox- 
ford in 1 S52. Entered the military service in July, 1862, 
as lieutenant of Company A, seventeenth Indiana in- 
fantry, was promoted to captain, and when his regi 
ment went to the field in August, was commissioned 
colonel. Served during the Atlanta campaign under 
General Sherman, participating in all the battles from 
Chattanooga to Atlanta, and for gallant services at the 
battle of Peach Tree Creek, July 20, 1S64, was breveted 
brigadier-general. Resumed the practice of law at the 
close of the w^ar, and in January, 1881, was elected 
United States senator. Inaugurated president, March 4-, 
1S89. 



GROVER CLEVELAND. 

^HE twenty-fourth president of the United States, 
was elected November 8, 1S92, for the term of four 
3^ears, ending March 4, 1897, and was inaugurated 
March 4, 1893. He had previously served one term, 
from March 4, 1885, to March 4, 1889. 



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